#### Vol. 10, No. 10, 2016

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Canonical heights on genus-2 Jacobians

### Jan Steffen Müller and Michael Stoll

Vol. 10 (2016), No. 10, 2153–2234
##### Abstract

Let $K$ be a number field and let $C∕K$ be a curve of genus $2$ with Jacobian variety $J$. We study the canonical height $ĥ:J\left(K\right)\to ℝ$. More specifically, we consider the following two problems, which are important in applications:

1. for a given $P\in J\left(K\right)$, compute $ĥ\left(P\right)$ efficiently;
2. for a given bound $B>0$, find all $P\in J\left(K\right)$ with $ĥ\left(P\right)\le B$.

We develop an algorithm running in polynomial time (and fast in practice) to deal with the first problem. Regarding the second problem, we show how one can tweak the naive height $h$ that is usually used to obtain significantly improved bounds for the difference $h-ĥ$, which allows a much faster enumeration of the desired set of points.

Our approach is to use the standard decomposition of $h\left(P\right)-ĥ\left(P\right)$ as a sum of local “height correction functions”. We study these functions carefully, which leads to efficient ways of computing them and to essentially optimal bounds. To get our polynomial-time algorithm, we have to avoid the factorization step needed to find the finite set of places where the correction might be nonzero. The main innovation is to replace factorization into primes by factorization into coprimes.

Most of our results are valid for more general fields with a set of absolute values satisfying the product formula.

##### Keywords
canonical height, hyperelliptic curve, curve of genus 2, Jacobian surface, Kummer surface
##### Mathematical Subject Classification 2010
Primary: 11G50
Secondary: 11G30, 11G10, 14G40, 14Q05, 14G05
##### Milestones
Received: 31 March 2016
Revised: 2 August 2016
Accepted: 5 September 2016
Published: 9 December 2016
##### Authors
 Jan Steffen Müller Institut für Mathematik Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg D-26111 Oldenburg Germany Michael Stoll Mathematisches Institut Universität Bayreuth D-95440 Bayreuth Germany