We consider a viscous fluid of finite depth below the air, occupying a
three-dimensional domain bounded below by a fixed solid boundary and above
by a free moving boundary. The domain is allowed to have a horizontal
cross-section that is either periodic or infinite in extent. The fluid dynamics are
governed by the gravity-driven incompressible Navier–Stokes equations, and
the effect of surface tension is neglected on the free surface. This paper is
the first in a series of three on the global well-posedness and decay of the
viscous surface wave problem without surface tension. Here we develop a local
well-posedness theory for the equations in the framework of the nonlinear energy
method, which is based on the natural energy structure of the problem.
Our proof involves several novel techniques, including: energy estimates in a
“geometric” reformulation of the equations, a well-posedness theory of the
linearized Navier–Stokes equations in moving domains, and a time-dependent
functional framework, which couples to a Galerkin method with a time-dependent
basis.