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Dynamical ionization
bounds for atoms
Enno Lenzmann and Mathieu Lewin |
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Vol. 6 (2013), No. 5, 1183–1211
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Abstract |
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We study the long-time behavior of the 3-dimensional repulsive nonlinear Hartree equation with an external attractive Coulomb potential , which is a nonlinear model for the quantum dynamics of an atom. We show that, after a sufficiently long time, the average number of electrons in any finite ball is always smaller than ( in the radial case). This is a time-dependent generalization of a celebrated result by E.H. Lieb on the maximum negative ionization of atoms in the stationary case. Our proof involves a novel positive commutator argument (based on the cubic weight ) and our findings are reminiscent of the RAGE theorem. In addition, we prove a similar universal bound on the local kinetic energy. In particular, our main result means that, in a weak sense, any solution is attracted to a bounded set in the energy space, whatever the size of the initial datum. Moreover, we extend our main result to Hartree–Fock theory and to the linear many-body Schrödinger equation for atoms. |
Keywords
Hartree equation, RAGE theorem, ionization bound, positive
commutator
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Mathematical Subject Classification 2010
Primary: 35Q55, 81Q05, 81Q10, 35Q41
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Milestones
Received: 20 November 2012
Accepted: 29 April 2013
Published: 3 November 2013
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Authors |
| Enno Lenzmann | |
| Mathematisches Institut Universität Basel Rheinsprung 21 CH-4051 Basel Switzerland |
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| Mathieu Lewin | |
| CNRS Laboratoire de Mathématiques Université de Cergy-Pontoise 95000 Cergy-Pontoise France |
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