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Mean curvature flow with multiplicity $2$ convergence in $\mathbb{R}^3$

Jingwen Chen and Ao Sun

Vol. 19 (2026), No. 5, 1029–1060
DOI: 10.2140/apde.2026.19.1029
Abstract

We construct a new example of an immortal mean curvature flow of smooth embedded connected surfaces in 3, which converges to a plane with multiplicity 2 as time approaches infinity.

Keywords
mean curvature flow, convergence with higher multiplicity
Mathematical Subject Classification
Primary: 53E10
Secondary: 35K61
Milestones
Received: 11 July 2024
Revised: 1 April 2025
Accepted: 8 June 2025
Published: 21 May 2026
Authors
Jingwen Chen
Department of Mathematics
University of Pennsylvania
Philadelphia, PA
United States
Ao Sun
Department of Mathematics
Lehigh University
Bethlehem, PA
United States

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