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Binomiality of undirected colored Gaussian graphical models

Benjamin Biaggi, Jan Draisma and Magdaléna Mišinová

Vol. 17 (2026), No. 1, 125–150
Abstract

Following earlier work by Coons, Maraj, Misra and Sorea, and by Misra and Sullivant, we study colored, undirected Gaussian graphical models, and present a necessary and sufficient condition for such a model to have binomial vanishing ideal. These conditions involve Jordan schemes, a variant of association schemes, well-known structures in algebraic combinatorics. Using association schemes without transitive group action, we refute the conjecture by Coons, Maraj, Misra and Sorea that binomiality implies that the color classes must be orbits under the automorphism group of the colored graph.

Keywords
colored Gaussian graphical models, binomial ideals, block graphs, Jordan schemes
Mathematical Subject Classification
Primary: 62R01
Milestones
Received: 1 September 2025
Revised: 15 April 2026
Accepted: 7 May 2026
Published: 21 June 2026
Authors
Benjamin Biaggi
Mathematical Institute
University of Bern
Bern
Switzerland
Jan Draisma
Mathematical Institute
University of Bern
Bern
Switzerland
Magdaléna Mišinová
Department of Mathematics and Statistics
University of Konstanz
Konstanz
Germany