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Algorithm for direct sampling from conditional distributions of toric models

Shuhei Mano and Nobuki Takayama

Vol. 17 (2026), No. 1, 151–181
Abstract

We show that the contiguity relations of hypergeometric functions of several variables give a direct sampling algorithm from the conditional distribution of toric models in statistics. The algorithm is based on a Markov chain on a lattice generated by a matrix A. Some examples with implementations are presented. In addition, known special properties of decomposable graphical models are revisited in terms of the A-hypergeometric systems.

Keywords
$A$-hypergeometric system, discrete exponential family, GKZ-hypergeometric system, graphical model, Markov chain Monte Carlo
Mathematical Subject Classification
Primary: 62R01
Secondary: 33C65, 33C90, 33F99, 62H17, 65C05
Milestones
Received: 28 December 2025
Revised: 12 May 2026
Accepted: 19 May 2026
Published: 21 June 2026
Authors
Shuhei Mano
The Institute of Statistical Mathematics
Tachikawa
Japan
Nobuki Takayama
Department of Mathematics
Kobe University
Kobe
Japan