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Neural network-based Godunov corrections for approximate Riemann solvers using bifidelity learning

Akshay Thakur and Matthew J. Zahr

Vol. 20 (2025), No. 1, 207–229
Abstract

The Riemann problem is fundamental in the computational modeling of hyperbolic partial differential equations, enabling the development of stable and accurate upwind schemes. While exact solvers provide robust upwinding fluxes, their high computational cost necessitates approximate solvers. Although approximate solvers achieve accuracy in many scenarios, they produce inaccurate solutions in certain cases. To overcome this limitation, we propose constructing neural network-based surrogate models, trained using supervised learning, designed to map interior and exterior conservative state variables to the corresponding exact flux. Specifically, we propose two distinct approaches: one utilizing a vanilla neural network and the other employing a bifidelity neural network. The performance of the proposed approaches is demonstrated through applications to one-dimensional and two-dimensional partial differential equations, showcasing their robustness and accuracy.

Keywords
Riemann solver, deep-learning surrogate, neural network, Godunov flux
Mathematical Subject Classification
Primary: 65M08, 68T01
Secondary: 35L65
Milestones
Received: 17 March 2025
Revised: 13 June 2025
Accepted: 23 June 2025
Published: 11 August 2025
Authors
Akshay Thakur
Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering
University of Notre Dame
Notre Dame, IN
United States
Matthew J. Zahr
Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering
University of Notre Dame
Notre Dame, IN
United States