We use a 1–parameter version of gauge theory to investigate the topology
of the diffeomorphism group of 4–manifolds. A polynomial invariant,
analogous to the Donaldson polynomial, is defined, and is used to show
that the diffeomorphism group of certain simply-connected 4–manifolds
has infinitely generated π0.
Dedicated to Rob Kirby on the occasion
of his 60th birthday.