In previous work, the authors have each introduced methods for studying the 2–line
of the p–local Adams–Novikov spectral sequence in terms of the arithmetic of
modular forms. We give the precise relationship between the congruences of
modular forms introduced by the first author with the Q–spectrum and the
f–invariant of the second author. This relationship enables us to refine the
target group of the f–invariant in a way which makes it more manageable for
computations.
Keywords
stable homotopy groups of spheres,
topological modular forms, f-invariant
