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Convex geometry over ordered hyperfields

James Maxwell and Ben Smith

Vol. 22 (2025), No. 1, 67–128
Abstract

We initiate the study of convex geometry over ordered hyperfields. We define convex sets and halfspaces over ordered hyperfields, presenting structure theorems over hyperfields arising as quotients of fields. We prove hyperfield analogues of Helly, Radon and Carathéodory theorems. We also show that arbitrary convex sets can be separated via hemispaces. Comparing with classical convexity, we begin classifying hyperfields for which halfspace separation holds. In the process, we demonstrate many properties of ordered hyperfields, including a classification of stringent ordered hyperfields.

Keywords
hyperfield, convexity, halfspace, hemispace, tropical
Mathematical Subject Classification
Primary: 16Y20, 52A30
Secondary: 12J15, 52A35, 52A40
Milestones
Received: 22 March 2024
Revised: 27 March 2025
Accepted: 11 August 2025
Published: 18 September 2025
Authors
James Maxwell
School of Mathematics
University of Bristol
Bristol
United Kingdom
Ben Smith
School of Mathematical Sciences
Lancaster University
Fylde College
Lancaster
United Kingdom