Download this article
Download this article For screen
For printing
Recent Issues

Volume 16
Issue 3, 365–546
Issue 2, 183–364
Issue 1, 1–182

Volume 15, 5 issues

Volume 14, 5 issues

Volume 13, 5 issues

Volume 12, 8 issues

Volume 11, 5 issues

Volume 10, 5 issues

Volume 9, 5 issues

Volume 8, 5 issues

Volume 7, 6 issues

Volume 6, 4 issues

Volume 5, 4 issues

Volume 4, 4 issues

Volume 3, 4 issues

Volume 2, 5 issues

Volume 1, 2 issues

The Journal
About the Journal
Editorial Board
Editors’ Interests
Subscriptions
 
Submission Guidelines
Submission Form
Policies for Authors
Ethics Statement
 
ISSN: 1944-4184 (e-only)
ISSN: 1944-4176 (print)
Author Index
Coming Soon
 
Other MSP Journals
The set of $k$-units modulo $n$

John H. Castillo and Jhony Fernando Caranguay Mainguez

Vol. 15 (2022), No. 3, 367–378
Abstract

Let R be a ring with identity, 𝒰(R) be the group of units of R and k be a positive integer. We say that a 𝒰(R) is a k-unit if ak = 1. In particular, if the ring  R is n for some positive integer n we say that a is a k-unit modulo n. We denote by 𝒰k(n) the set of k-units modulo n. We represent the number of k-units modulo n by  du k(n) and the ratio of k-units modulo n by rdu k(n) = ϕ(n)du k(n), where ϕ is the Euler phi function. Recently, S. K. Chebolu proved that the solutions of the equation rdu 2(n) = 1 are the divisors of 24. Our main result finds all positive integers n such that rdu k(n) = 1 for a given k. Then we connect this equation with the Carmichael numbers and two of their generalizations, namely, Knödel numbers and generalized Carmichael numbers.

Keywords
diagonal property, diagonal unit, unit set of a ring, $k$-unit, Carmichael number, Knödel number, Carmichael generalized number
Mathematical Subject Classification 2010
Primary: 11A05, 11A07, 11A15, 16U60
Milestones
Received: 5 January 2020
Revised: 28 October 2021
Accepted: 31 October 2021
Published: 2 December 2022

Communicated by Kenneth S. Berenhaut
Authors
John H. Castillo
Departamento de Matemáticas y Estadística
Universidad de Nariño
San Juan de Pasto
Colombia
Jhony Fernando Caranguay Mainguez
Departamento de Matemáticas y Estadística
Universidad de Nariño
San Juan de Pasto
Colombia