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Spectral distortion and the ring learning with errors problem

Liljana Babinkostova, Ariana G. Chin, Aaron Kirtland, Vladyslav Nazarchuk and Esther Plotnick

Vol. 18 (2025), No. 2, 181–198
Abstract

Certain attacks on the ring learning with errors (RLWE) problem rely on reduction to the polynomial variant (PLWE) of the problem. The spectral distortion is used to measure the RLWE-to-PLWE reduction. We investigate the spectral distortion and answer questions posed by Y. Elias et al. (2016) regarding spectral distortion used as a condition for a successful attack. We provide a closed form for the spectral distortion of certain classes of cyclotomic polynomials. Moreover, we present a bound on the spectral distortion of cyclotomic polynomials.

Keywords
learning with errors, spectral distortion, cyclotomic polynomials
Mathematical Subject Classification
Primary: 11T71, 94A60
Secondary: 11C20, 15B05
Milestones
Received: 4 February 2022
Revised: 21 September 2022
Accepted: 10 September 2023
Published: 26 February 2025

Communicated by Kenneth S. Berenhaut
Authors
Liljana Babinkostova
Department of Mathematics
Boise State University
Boise, ID
United States
Ariana G. Chin
Department of Mathematics
University of California
Los Angeles, CA
United States
Aaron Kirtland
Washington University in St. Louis
St. Louis, MO
United States
Vladyslav Nazarchuk
Yale University
New Haven, CT
United States
Esther Plotnick
Harvard University
Cambridge, MA
United States