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Adaptive tests for mixed paired and two-sample designs

Eli Sun, Thomas Yacovone and Scott Richter

Vol. 19 (2026), No. 3, 393–404
Abstract

Adaptive procedures using t and Wilcoxon-based tests for testing for treatment difference in mixed paired and two-sample designs are studied. Previous studies have found that t-based tests perform better for normal data, while Wilcoxon-based tests perform better for nonnormal data. The proposed adaptive procedures use tail index measures to distinguish between normal and nonnormal data and select the more powerful test. A simulation study is conducted to estimate the power and type I error rate of the proposed adaptive tests. The results suggest that the adaptive tests provide an objective approach to choose the more appropriate test.

Keywords
paired design, missing data, adaptive test, tail weight
Mathematical Subject Classification
Primary: 62-08
Milestones
Received: 19 October 2023
Revised: 5 November 2024
Accepted: 22 January 2025
Published: 12 June 2026

Communicated by Javier Rojo
Authors
Eli Sun
Department of Mathematics
University of Rochester
Rochester, NY
United States
Thomas Yacovone
Department of Mathematics and Computer Science
College of the Holy Cross
Worcester, MA
United States
Scott Richter
Department of Mathematics and Statistics
University of North Carolina at Greensboro
Greensboro, NC
United States