An incremental model for predicting the mechanical characteristics of
-stub
steel connections is presented in this paper. The response is calculated analytically on
the basis of a simple beam representation for the flange and a deformational spring
for the bolt. Contact phenomena in the flange are taken into account, and
by means of an incremental procedure it becomes possible to follow the
development of these phenomena throughout the loading history. Material
nonlinearity is also accounted for, both in the flange and the bolt, assuming a
bilinear constitutive model. We propose several refinements of the model,
which enhance its effectiveness with respect to intricate characteristics of
-stub
behavior, such as bolt-flange interaction and three-dimensional geometry. The
performance of the model is validated by comparison to experimental results found in
the literature and by a parametric study performed in parallel with three-dimensional
finite element analyses.