Polarization approximations (PA) are proposed for the macroscopic elastic moduli of
-dimensional
( or 3)
isotropic multicomponent materials. Specifically we use Hashin–Shtrikman-type
polarization trial fields, which were constructed earlier from the minimum energy
principles to bound the effective moduli of the composites, as the approximate
solutions to the field equations. The approximations contain free reference
parameters, which can be found analytically, numerically, or experimentally, from the
reference effective moduli at dilute and/or finite volume proportions of the
component materials. In the basic one-point reference parameter version, the
approximations should obey Hashin–Shtrikman (HS) bounds for all the ranges of the
volume proportions of the component materials. In the refined versions involving
variable reference parameters to improve the accuracy of the scheme, the
approximations satisfy HS bounds over the ranges of components’ volume
proportions between the extreme reference points. We provide numerous numerically
and experimentally based examples to illustrate the applications of the proposed
approach.