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Study on the
function-driven flexoelastic properties of bioinspired
horseshoe-shaped microstructures
Hao Feng, Xiao Gang Ji, Yilin Su and Xin Ji Xu |
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Vol. 21 (2026), No. 3, 209–241
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Abstract |
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Horseshoe-shaped microstructures possess excellent properties such as high stretchability, high breathability, and topological programmability, making them widely applicable in critical fields including biomedical devices, flexible displays, and tissue engineering. Based on the BCT2000 test principle and the steel ball burst test method, we establish an out-of-plane deformation testing method for horseshoe-shaped microstructures. The out-of-plane deformation behavior of three types of biomimetic horseshoe-shaped microstructures — triangular, Kagome, and honeycomb — is systematically investigated. A standard for evaluating flexoelastic properties is established from four aspects, and the influence of four factors on these properties is preliminarily analyzed. By adjusting the arc angle to , , , and , the synergistic effects of arc angle , wall thickness , and circular arc radius on the out-of-plane deformation and flexoelastic properties of the structures are systematically revealed. A multi-index evaluation system, incorporating maximum out-of-plane displacement, out-of-plane stiffness, energy absorption, and load-bearing displacement under low load, is constructed using the entropy weight method. This system quantifies the weight of each parameter and establishes a comprehensive evaluation model for the flexible elastic coefficient . A relative density regulation strategy and parameter coupling model driven by functional requirements are developed. Through the analytic hierarchy process, weight distribution for three typical scenarios is completed. A response surface model is employed to achieve coupled regulation of arc angle and relative density, identifying optimal parameter combinations for each scenario and providing design guidelines for practical applications. |
Keywords
biomimetic design, horseshoe-shaped microstructure,
out-of-plane deformation, burst resistance, flexoelastic
properties
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Milestones
Received: 14 June 2026
Revised: 6 August 2026
Accepted: 13 September 2026
Published: 7 November 2026
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Authors |
| Hao Feng | |
| School of Mechanical
Engineering Jiangnan University Wuxi China |
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| Xiao Gang Ji | |
| School of Mechanical
Engineering Jiangnan University Wuxi China |
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| Yilin Su | |
| School of Mechanical
Engineering Jiangnan University Wuxi China |
Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced
Food Manufacturing Equipment Technology Wuxi China |
| Xin Ji Xu | |
| School of Mechanical
Engineering Jiangnan University Wuxi China |
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| © 2026 MSP (Mathematical Sciences Publishers). |
