Vol. 8, No. 4, 2020

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A new comprehensive approach for bone remodeling under medium and high mechanical load based on cellular activity

Daniel George, Rachele Allena, Céline Bourzac, Stéphane Pallu, Morad Bensidhoum, Hugues Portier and Yves Rémond

Vol. 8 (2020), No. 4, 287–306
DOI: 10.2140/memocs.2020.8.287
Abstract

Most of the last century, bone remodeling models have been proposed based on the observation that bone density is dependent on the intensity of the applied mechanical loads. Most of these cortical or trabecular bone remodeling models are related to the osteocyte mechanosensitivity, and they all have a direct correlation between the bone mineral density and the mechanical strain energy. However, experiments on human athletes show that high-intensity sport activity tends not to increase bone mineral density but rather has a negative impact. Therefore, it appears that the optimum bone mineral density would develop for “medium”-intensity activity (or medium mechanical loads) and not for the highest-intensity one.

In this work, we propose a new continuum approach based on bone cell activity being either positive or negative as a function of the intensity of the applied mechanical load. At standard earth gravity without exercise, bone homeostasis is observed with cell activity being at equilibrium. When “medium loads” such as “low-intensity” or “optimized” sport activity are applied, cells are activated and an increase of bone density occurs. On the other hand, “high-intensity loads” such as over-training lead to bone density decrease or bone degradation. Our results are in agreement with the literature and enable us to foresee applications such as optimal sport training for best physical conditions.

Keywords
bone remodeling, cellular activity, high and medium mechanical loads, osteoblasts, osteoclasts
Mathematical Subject Classification 2010
Primary: 65Z05, 92C05
Milestones
Received: 6 February 2020
Revised: 17 June 2020
Accepted: 28 August 2020
Published: 9 November 2020

Communicated by Emilio Barchiesi
Authors
Daniel George
ICube Laboratory
Université de Strasbourg
Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique
Strasbourg
France
Rachele Allena
Institut de Biomécanique Humaine Georges Charpak
Arts et Métiers ParisTech
Paris
France
Céline Bourzac
Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale
Université Paris Sciences et Lettres
Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique
Paris
France
Stéphane Pallu
Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale
Université Paris Sciences et Lettres
Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique
Paris
France
Collégium Sciences et Techniques
Université d’Orléans
Orléans
France
Morad Bensidhoum
Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale
Université Paris Sciences et Lettres
Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique
Paris
France
Hugues Portier
Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale
Université Paris Sciences et Lettres
Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique
Paris
France
Collégium Sciences et Techniques
Université d’Orléans
Orléans
France
Yves Rémond
ICube Laboratory
Université de Strasbourg
Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique
Strasbourg
France