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Unimodal measurable pseudo-Anosov maps

Philip Boyland, André de Carvalho and Toby Hall

Vol. 2 (2025), No. 2, 103–148
Abstract

We exhibit a continuously varying family Fλ of homeomorphisms of the sphere S2, for which each Fλ is a measurable pseudo-Anosov map. Measurable pseudo-Anosov maps are generalizations of Thurston’s pseudo-Anosov maps, and also of generalized pseudo-Anosov maps (Geom. Topol. 8 (2004), 1127–1188). They have a transverse pair of invariant full measure turbulations, consisting of streamlines which are dense injectively immersed lines: these turbulations are equipped with measures which are expanded and contracted uniformly by the homeomorphism. The turbulations need not have a good product structure anywhere, but have some local structure imposed by the existence of tartans: bundles of unstable and stable streamline segments which intersect regularly, and on whose intersections the product of the measures on the turbulations agrees with the ambient measure.

Each map Fλ is semiconjugate to the inverse limit of the core tent map with slope λ: it is topologically transitive, ergodic with respect to a background Oxtoby–Ulam measure, has dense periodic points, and has topological entropy h(Fλ) = log λ (so that no two Fλ are topologically conjugate). For a full measure, dense Gδ set of parameters, Fλ is a measurable pseudo-Anosov map but not a generalized pseudo-Anosov map, and its turbulations are nowhere locally regular.

Keywords
pseudo-Anosov, surface dynamics, topological dynamics, inverse limits, tent maps
Mathematical Subject Classification
Primary: 37E05, 37E30, 57K20
Milestones
Received: 24 January 2024
Accepted: 6 March 2025
Published: 17 April 2025
Authors
Philip Boyland
Department of Mathematics
University of Florida
Gainesville, FL
United States
André de Carvalho
Institute of Mathematics and Statistics
University of São Paulo
São Paulo
Brazil
Toby Hall
Department of Mathematical Sciences
University of Liverpool
Liverpool
United Kingdom