This paper concerns
E. Cartan’s theory of systems of exterior differential forms. We define a
purely algebraic model which determines many of the system’s properties.
By algebraic constructions such concepts as “involutive”, “characters” and
“prolongations” are defined and the main theorems are given simple algebraic
proofs. These methods are applied to characterize systems which reproduce
themselves under prolongations. The prolongation theorem of Kuranishi is proved
algebraically.