Vol. 22, No. 1, 1967

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Closed operators and their adjoints associated with elliptic differential operators

Robert S. Freeman

Vol. 22 (1967), No. 1, 71–97
Abstract

We are concerned here with determining some closed operators associated with a given elliptic differential operator A of order 2m and some in general nonlocal boundary operators. We seek conditions in particular which guarantee that the result is a normally solvable operator, i.e. with closed graph and closed range in the sense of Visik. We follow basically the method used in Bade and Freeman in the sense that we regard the operator with nonlocal boundary conditions as a perturbation of an operator with boundary conditions defined by a normal set of differential operators B = {B0,,Bm1} satisfying the condition of Agmon, Douglis and Nirenberg (also Browder, and Schechter). Since the basic a priori estimate valid for such systems essentially says that the resulting operator has closed graph we call such a system (A,B) closable elliptic.

In addition to dealing with higher order elliptic operators and general boundary conditions we also drop the requirement that our region be relatively compact and instead make the weaker requirement that the differential operator in H2m(Ω) with local boundary conditions yields an operator with closed range. We work here in L2 only and consider operators defined in H2m(Ω), in the graph topology associated with the so called maximal operator and in a family of spaces interpolated between these two. Most of our results can be obtained, at least for relatively compact regions, in Lp with 1 < p < at the expense of a somewhat more complicated treatment. A particular complication arises from the fact that different interpolation methods which yield the same spaces in L2 do not in general in Lp,p2.

Mathematical Subject Classification
Primary: 47.65
Milestones
Received: 27 November 1961
Published: 1 July 1967
Authors
Robert S. Freeman