The commutative semigroups
whose lattice of congruences forms a Boolean lattice are determined. They are (i) the
null semigroups of order two or less, (ii) the discrete trees, (iii) the groups which are
a direct sum of prime order cyclic groups in which no two factors have the same
order, (iv) the semigroups which are a one element inflation of a discrete tree, (v)
the semigroups which are a free product of a discrete tree with zero and a
semigroup of type (iii) amalgamated over the trivial semigroup, and (vi)
the semigroups which are a one element inflation of a semigroup of type
(v).