It is well known that the
modulus of a doubly connected Riemann surface can be determined by the
length-area method, that is, the method of extremal length, and that the extremal
metric can be expressed in terms of a quadratic differential. Ahlfors introduced a
related method based on the comparison of geodesic curvature and area. We show
that the modulus of a doubly connected Riemann surface can be obtained by means
of this geodesic curvature-area method. In the important special case in which there
is a restriction on the curvature of the metrics, we identify all extremal metrics; they
have constant curvature.