The spectral duality
theorem asserts that a densely defined closed operator T induces a spectral
decomposition of the underlying Banach space X iff the conjugate T∗ induces the
same type of spectral decomposition of the dual space X∗. This theorem is known for
bounded linear operators in terms of residual (S)-decomposability. In this paper we
extend the spectral duality theorem to unbounded operators, under a general type of
spectral decomposition. Our approach to the spectral duality leads through the
successive conjugates T∗, T∗∗ and T∗∗∗ of T, under their domain-density
assumptions.