Let R be a semiprime
2-torsion free ring with involution ∗ and let S = {x ∈ R|x = x∗} be the set of
symmetric elements. We prove that if R has a derivation d, non-zero on S, such that
for all s ∈ S either d(s) = 0 or d(s) is invertible, then R must be one of the
following: (1) a division ring, (2) 2 × 2 matrices over a division ring, (3)
the direct sum of a division ring and its opposite with exchange involution,
(4) the direct sum of 2 × 2 matrices over a division ring and its opposite
with exchange involution, (5) 4 × 4 matrices over a field with symplectic
involution.