In this paper we explore further
the subject of crossed products A#σH of an arbitrary Hopf algebra H (weakly)
acting on a non-commutative algebra A over a field k. These general crossed
products, which play a fundamental role in the theory of extensions of Hopf algebras,
were introduced independently by Y. Doi and M. Takeuchi and by the present
authors and M. Cohen. Here we give several characterizations of crossed products
A#σH with invertible cocycle σ. These characterizations are then used to extend to
such crossed products known results for smash products concerning duality and
Maschke-type theorems. We also prove a Noether-Skolem theorem using these
methods.