We develop criteria for
deciding the contravariant finiteness status of a subcategory A⊆ Λ-mod, where Λ is
a finite dimensional algebra. In particular, given a finite dimensional Λ-module X, we
introduce a certain class of modules – we call them A-phantoms of X – which
indicate whether or not X has a right A-approximation: We prove that X fails to
have such an approximation if and only if X has infinite-dimensional A-phantoms.
Moreover, we demonstrate that large phantoms encode a great deal of additional
information about X and A and that they are highly accessible, due to the fact
that the class of all A-phantoms of X is closed under subfactors and direct
limits.