In previous work we showed
that the only finite nonabelian simple group acting by diffeomorphisms on a
homology 3-sphere is the alternating or dodecahedral group 𝔸5. Here we characterize
finite nonsolvable groups that act on a homology 3-sphere preserving orientation. We
find exactly the finite nonsolvable groups that act orthogonally on the 3-sphere, plus
two families of groups for which we do not know at present if they really can act on a
homology 3-sphere.