Download this article
 Download this article For screen
For printing
Recent Issues
Volume 7, Issue 2
Volume 7, Issue 1
Volume 6, Issue 4
Volume 6, Issue 3
Volume 6, Issue 2
Volume 6, Issue 1
Volume 5, Issue 4
Volume 5, Issue 3
Volume 5, Issue 2
Volume 5, Issue 1
Volume 4, Issue 4
Volume 4, Issue 3
Volume 4, Issue 2
Volume 4, Issue 1
Volume 3, Issue 4
Volume 3, Issue 3
Volume 3, Issue 2
Volume 3, Issue 1
Volume 2, Issue 4
Volume 2, Issue 3
Volume 2, Issue 2
Volume 2, Issue 1
Volume 1, Issue 1
The Journal
About the journal
Ethics and policies
Peer-review process
 
Submission guidelines
Submission form
Editorial board
 
Subscriptions
 
ISSN 2690-1005 (online)
ISSN 2690-0998 (print)
Author Index
To Appear
 
Other MSP Journals
Higher equations of motion at level 2 in Liouville CFT

Guillaume Baverez and Baojun Wu

Vol. 7 (2026), No. 2, 243–281
Abstract

We prove conjectures of Zamolodchikov and A. and V. Belavin in Liouville conformal field theory (CFT), which are generalisations of the celebrated Belavin–Polyakov–Zamolodchikov equations known as the higher equations of motion. Algebraically, these equations give examples of nonzero singular states in Virasoro modules, which is a relatively rare phenomenon in the physical study of CFT. In probability theory, these equations and their variants have been instrumental in the rigorous derivation of the structure constants of Liouville CFT in the unit disc.

The proof builds on a previous work of ours studying the analytic continuation of the Poisson operator of Liouville theory. The main novelty is that this operator admits poles on the Kac table, and the higher equations of motions are obtained via a residue computation.

Keywords
Gaussian free field, Gaussian multiplicative chaos, Virasoro algebra, conformal field theory
Mathematical Subject Classification
Primary: 60G60, 17B68, 81T40
Milestones
Received: 19 July 2024
Revised: 20 January 2026
Accepted: 17 February 2026
Published: 18 May 2026
Authors
Guillaume Baverez
Beijing International Center for Mathematical Research
Peking University
Beijing
China
Baojun Wu
Beijing International Center for Mathematical Research
Peking University
Beijing
China