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Control of Kawahara equation using flat outputs

Roberto de A. Capistrano-Filho and Jandeilson Santos da Silva

Vol. 8 (2026), No. 2, 351–388
Abstract

We focus on the linear Kawahara equation in a bounded domain, employing two boundary controls. The controllability of this system has been previously demonstrated over the past decade using the Hilbert uniqueness method, which involves proving an observability inequality, in general, shown via Carleman estimates. Here, we extend this understanding by achieving exact controllability within a space of analytic functions, employing the flatness approach, which is a new approach for higher-order dispersive systems. We also provide a class of reachable states (taking 0 as initial data) which are holomorphic in some disk around 0.

Keywords
Kawahara equation, controllability to the trajectories, flatness approach, Gevrey class, smoothing effect
Mathematical Subject Classification
Primary: 37L50, 93B05
Milestones
Received: 2 April 2025
Revised: 26 June 2025
Accepted: 30 July 2025
Published: 2 April 2026
Authors
Roberto de A. Capistrano-Filho
Departamento de Matemática
Universidade Federal de Pernambuco
Recife
Brazil
Jandeilson Santos da Silva
Departamento de Matemática
Universidade Federal de Pernambuco
Recife
Brazil