This paper proposes a node-dependent kinematics technique for the development of
efficient mathematical modelling of reinforced concrete structures. The present
approach allows for building models optimized in terms of accuracy and
computational resource utilization. Some areas of the structures are approximated
using refined models with enhanced three-dimensional capabilities, whereas
one-dimensional uniaxial models are employed in the remaining domain. In this way,
the three-dimensional accuracy is limited only in the area of interest. This approach
is possible thanks to the Carrera unified formulation, which can generate
from low- to high-order models in a unified manner. The three-dimensional
displacement field is approximated by using Lagrange polynomials in the
portion of the structure where the three-dimensional accuracy needs to be
achieved, modelling the steel and the concrete domains as two independent
entities. On the other hand, low-order Taylor expansion-based models are used
to model zones far from the critical ones with classical theories, such as
Euler–Bernoulli and Timoshenko beams. The continuity between the two different
domains is guaranteed by employing the node-dependent kinematic approach, in
which the kinematics of the structure can vary. The finite element method is
adopted, so that no other mathematical artifices are needed to join different
theories. Several examples are considered to highlight the potential of the
node-dependent kinematics approach when applied to reinforced concrete
structures.
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