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This article is available for purchase or by subscription. See below.
Abstract
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To describe the dynamics of Hamiltonian systems with differential constraints, a
Hamiltonian vector field is projected onto the tangent planes of a distribution using a
symplectic structure to obtain a vector field whose phase flow preserves
distributions.
The possibility of implementing symplectic projection in degenerate cases is
considered when the restriction of the symplectic structure to the tangent planes of a
distribution is a degenerate 2-form. An application is presented for studying the
systems with one nonintegrable constraint of general form.
The method of symplectic projection is described in the framework of Dirac
structures.
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Keywords
symplectic projection, nonholonomic point, almost-Dirac
structure
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Mathematical Subject Classification
Primary: 37J60, 70H05, 70H45
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Milestones
Received: 4 August 2025
Revised: 30 September 2025
Accepted: 7 November 2025
Published: 28 November 2025
Communicated by Francesco dell'Isola
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