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              Abstract
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 We discuss the spectral properties of three-dimensional Dirac operators with critical
 combinations of electrostatic and Lorentz scalar shell interactions supported by a
 compact smooth surface. It turns out that the criticality of the interaction
 may result in a new interval of essential spectrum. The position and the
 length of the interval are explicitly controlled by the coupling constants
 and the principal curvatures of the surface. This effect is completely new
 compared to lower-dimensional critical situations or special geometries considered
 up to now, in which only a single new point in the essential spectrum was
 observed.
  
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              Keywords
              
                Dirac operator, pseudodifferential operators, essential
                spectrum, principal curvature, transmission condition,
                boundary integral operator
               
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              Mathematical Subject Classification
              
                Primary: 35Q40, 47A10, 58J40, 53A05
               
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              Milestones
              
                Received: 28 February 2023
               
              
                Revised: 8 August 2023
               
              
                Accepted: 18 September 2023
               
              
                Published: 22 February 2024
               
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