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This article is available for purchase or by subscription. See below.
Abstract
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This paper concerns a boundary integral formulation for the two-dimensional massive
Dirac equation. The mass term is assumed to jump across a one-dimensional
interface, which models a transition between two insulating materials. This
jump induces surface waves that propagate outward along the interface but
decay exponentially in the transverse direction. After providing a derivation
of our integral equation, we prove that it has a unique solution for almost
all choices of parameters using holomorphic perturbation theory. We then
extend these results to a Dirac equation with two interfaces. Finally, we
implement a fast numerical method for solving our boundary integral equations
and present several numerical examples of solutions and scattering effects.
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Keywords
Dirac equation, topological insulators, boundary integral
formulation, fast algorithms
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Mathematical Subject Classification
Primary: 45F15
Secondary: 65R20
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Milestones
Received: 10 August 2024
Revised: 30 October 2025
Accepted: 17 February 2026
Published: 9 April 2026
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