Abstract

We consider Anosov flows on closed 3-manifolds preserving a volume form $\Omega$. Following Dyatlov and Zworski (Invent. Math. 210:1 (2017), 211–229) we study spaces of invariant distributions with values in the bundle of exterior forms whose wavefront set is contained in the dual of the unstable bundle. Our first result computes the dimension of these spaces in terms of the first Betti number of the manifold, the cohomology class $\left[{\iota }_X\Omega \right]$ (where $X$ is the infinitesimal generator of the flow) and the helicity. These dimensions coincide with the Pollicott–Ruelle resonance multiplicities under the assumption of semisimplicity. We prove various results regarding semisimplicity on 1-forms, including an example showing that it may fail for time changes of hyperbolic geodesic flows. We also study non-null-homologous deformations of contact Anosov flows, and we show that there is always a splitting Pollicott–Ruelle resonance on 1-forms and that semisimplicity persists in this instance. These results have consequences for the order of vanishing at zero of the Ruelle zeta function. Finally our analysis also incorporates a flat unitary twist in the resonant spaces and in the Ruelle zeta function.

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