For incomplete sub-Riemannian manifolds and for an associated second-order
hypoelliptic operator, which need not be symmetric, we identify two alternative
conditions for the validity of Gaussian-type upper bounds on heat kernels and
transition probabilities, with optimal constant in the exponent. Under similar
conditions, we obtain the small-time logarithmic asymptotics of the heat kernel and
show concentration of diffusion bridge measures near a path of minimal energy. The
first condition requires that we consider points whose distance apart is no greater
than the sum of their distances to infinity. The second condition requires only that
the operator not be too asymmetric.
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