The purpose of this foundational paper is to introduce various notions and
constructions in order to develop the homotopy theory for differential graded operads
over any ring. The main idea, in this direction, is to consider the action of the
symmetric groups as part of the defining structure of an operad and not as the
underlying category. We introduce a new dual category of higher cooperads, a new
higher bar–cobar adjunction with the category of operads, and a new higher notion of
homotopy operads, for which we establish the relevant homotopy properties. For
instance, the higher bar–cobar construction provides us with a cofibrant
replacement functor for operads over any ring. All these constructions are
produced conceptually by applying the curved Koszul duality for colored
operads. This paper is a first step toward a new Koszul duality theory for
operads, where the action of the symmetric groups is properly taken into
account.
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